There has been much written about monatomic particles, monatomic particles are hard to obtain and hard to detect, which is why most Traditional Chemical Colloidal Sellers and their supporters say that “Monatomic” gold or silver are a “Myth”.
It is true, atoms DO exist, monatomic Particles DO exist, and so do Sub Atomic Particles.
To better understand why they exist, lets examine what experts say:
How Particles Acquire Mass
By Mary and Ian Butterworth, Imperial College London, and Doris and Vigdor Teplitz, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA.
The Higgs boson is a hypothesised particle which, if it exists, would give the mechanism by which particles acquire mass.
Matter is made of molecules; molecules of atoms; atoms of a cloud of electrons about one-hundred-millionth of a centimetre and a nucleus about one-hundred-thousandth the size of the electron cloud. The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons. Each proton (or neutron) has about two thousand times the mass of an electron. We know a good deal about why the nucleus is so small. We do not know, however, how the particles get their masses. Why are the masses what they are? Why are the ratios of masses what they are? We can’t be said to understand the constituents of matter if we don’t have a satisfactory answer to this question.
Peter Higgs has a model in which particle masses arise in a beautiful, but complex, progression. He starts with a particle that has only mass, and no other characteristics, such as charge, that distinguish particles from empty space. We can call his particle H. H interacts with other particles; for example if H is near an electron, there is a force between the two. H is of a class of particles called “bosons”. We first attempt a more precise, but non-mathematical statement of the point of the model; then we give explanatory pictures.
In the mathematics of quantum mechanics describing creation and annihilation of elementary particles, as observed at accelerators, particles at particular points arise from “fields” spread over space and time. Higgs found that parameters in the equations for the field associated with the particle H can be chosen in such a way that the lowest energy state of that field (empty space) is one with the field not zero. It is surprising that the field is not zero in empty space, but the result, not an obvious one, is: all particles that can interact with H gain mass from the interaction.
Thus mathematics links the existence of H to a contribution to the mass of all particles with which H interacts. A picture that corresponds to the mathematics is of the lowest energy state, “empty” space, having a crown of H particles with no energy of their own. Other particles get their masses by interacting with this collection of zero-energy H particles. The mass (or inertia or resistance to change in motion) of a particle comes from its being “grabbed at” by Higgs particles when we try and move it.
If particles no get their masses from interacting with the empty space Higgs field, then the Higgs particle must exist; but we can’t be certain without finding the Higgs. We have other hints about the Higgs; for example, if it exists, it plays a role in “unifying” different forces. However, we believe that nature could contrive to get the results that would flow from the Higgs in other ways. In fact, proving the Higgs particle does not exist would be scientifically every bit as valuable as proving it does.
These questions, the mechanisms by which particles get their masses, and the relationship amongs different forces of nature, are major ones and so basic to having an understanding of the constituents of matter and the forces among them, that it is hard to see how we can make significant progress in our understanding of the stuff of which the earth is made without answering them.
You can read more about monatomic particles here:
http://www.colloidal-silver-atoms.com/index.html
The atomic colloidal silver atom sized particle is by far more efficient, much more potent, and most lethal to unwanted that try to invade the body from the inside out. The Gold, iridium, rhodium and ruthenium atom sized particles, are extremely effective in dealing with free radicals that cause aging and unwanted growths inside and outside the human body.
What is a Kaon:
Source: wikipedia.
In particle physics, a kaon (pronounced /ˈkeɪ.ɒn/, also called a K-meson and denoted K[nb 1]) is any one of a group of four mesons distinguished by the fact that they carry a quantum number called strangeness. In the quark model they are understood to contain a strange quark (or antiquark), paired with an up or down antiquark (or quark).
Kaons have proved to be a copious source of information on the nature of fundamental interactions since their discovery in 1947. They were essential in establishing the foundations of the Standard Model of particle physics, such as the quark model of hadrons and the theory of quark mixing (the latter was acknowledged by a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008). Kaons played a distinguished role in our understanding of fundamental conservation laws: the discovery of CP violation (a phenomenon generating the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe), which was acknowledged by a Nobel prize in 1980, was made in the kaon system.
Basic properties
The four kaons are :
1.The negatively charged K−(containing a strange quark and an up antiquark) has mass 493.667±0.013 MeV and mean lifetime 1.2384±0.0024×10−8
s.
2.Its antiparticle, the positively charged K+ (containing an up quark and a strange antiquark) must (by CPT invariance) have mass and lifetime equal to that of K−. The mass difference is 0.032±0.090 MeV, consistent with zero. The difference in lifetime is 0.11±0.09×10−8
s.
3.The K0(containing a down quark and a strange antiquark) has mass 497.648±0.022 MeV. It has mean squared charge radius of −0.076±0.01 fm2
.
4.Its antiparticle K0(containing a strange quark and a down antiquark) has the same mass.
It is clear from the quark model assignments that the kaons form two doublets of isospin; that is, they belong to the fundamental representation of SU(2) called the 2. One doublet of strangeness +1 contains the K+and the K0. The antiparticles form the other doublet (of strangeness -1).
The decay of a kaon (K+) into three pions (2 π+, 1 π−) is a process that involves both weak and strong interactions.
Weak interactions : The strange antiquark (s) of the kaon transmutes into an up antiquark (u) by the emission of a W+ boson; the W+ boson subsequently decays into a down antiquark (d) and an up quark (u).
Strong interactions : An up quark (u) emits a gluon (g) which decays into a down quark (d) and a down antiquark (d).
Strangeness
The discovery of hadrons with the internal quantum number “strangeness” marks the beginning of a most exciting epoch in particle physics that even now, fifty years later, has not yet found its conclusion … by and large experiments have driven the development, and that major discoveries came unexpectedly or even against expectations expressed by theorists. — I.I. Bigi and A.I. Sanda, CP violation, (ISBN 0-521-44349-0)
In 1947, G. D. Rochester and Clifford Charles Butler of the University of Manchester published two cloud chamber photographs of cosmic ray-induced events, one showing what appeared to be a neutral particle decaying into two charged pions, and one which appeared to be a charged particle decaying into a charged pion and something neutral. The estimated mass of the new particles was very rough, about half a proton’s mass. More examples of these “V-particles” were slow in coming.
The first breakthrough was obtained at Caltech, where a cloud chamber was taken up Mount Wilson, for greater cosmic ray exposure. In 1950, 30 charged and 4 neutral V-particles were reported. Inspired by this, numerous mountaintop observations were made over the next several years, and by 1953, the following terminology was adopted: “L-meson” meant muon or pion. “K-meson” meant a particle intermediate in mass between the pion and nucleon. “Hyperon” meant any particle heavier than a nucleon.
The decays were extremely slow; typical lifetimes are of the order of 10−10 seconds. However, production in pion-proton reactions proceeds much faster, with a time scale of 10−23s. The problem of this mismatch was solved by Abraham Pais who postulated the new quantum number called “strangeness” which is conserved in strong interactions but violated by the weak interactions. Strange particles appear copiously due to “associated production” of a strange and an antistrange particle together. It was soon shown that this could not be a multiplicative quantum number, because that would allow reactions which were never seen in the new synchrotrons which were commissioned in Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1953 and in the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in 1955.
What is a Pion:
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/
In particle physics, a pion (short for pi meson, denoted with π) is any of three subatomic particles: π0, π+ , and π−. Pions are the lightest mesons and they play an important role in explaining the low-energy properties of the strong nuclear force.
Pions are bosons with zero spin, and they are composed of first-generation quarks. In the quark model, an “up quark” and an anti-”down quark” make up a π+, whereas a “down quark” and an anti-”up quark” make up the π−, and these are the antiparticles of one another. The uncharged pions are combinations of an “up quark” with an anti-”up quark” or a “down quark” with an anti-”down quark”, have identical quantum numbers, and hence they are only found in superpositions.
The lowest-energy superposition of these is the π0, which is its own antiparticle. Together, the pions form a triplet of isospin. Each pion has isospin (I = 1) and third-component isospin
equal to its charge (Iz = +1, 0 or −1).
Charged pion decays Feynman diagram of the dominating leptonic pion decay.The π± mesons have a mass of 139.6 MeV/c2 and a mean lifetime of 2.6×10−8s. They decay due to the weak interaction. The primary decay mode of a pion, with probability 0.999877, is a purely leptonic decay into a muon and a muon neutrino:
The second most common decay mode of a pion, with probability 0.000123, is also a leptonic decay into an electron and the corresponding electron neutrino. This mode was discovered at CERN in 1958:
The suppression of the electronic mode, with respect to the muonic one, is given approximately (to within radiative corrections) by the ratio of the half-widths of the pion–electron and the pion–muon decay reactions:
Kaons and Pions were a “Myth” as many so blindly put it, nonexistent up until a 1 year ago, when Hadron Collider Scientists reported to have found Kaons and Pions, while searching for the illusive GOD Particle, aka Higgs Boson.
Van der Waals Force (True Definition)
From Wikipedia
In physical chemistry, the van der Waals force (or van der Waals interaction), named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, is the sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or between parts of the same molecule) other than those due to covalent bonds or to the electrostatic interaction of ions with one another or with neutral molecules.[1] The term includes:
• force between two permanent dipoles (Keesom force)
• force between a permanent dipole and a corresponding induced dipole (Debye force)
• force between two instantaneously induced dipoles (London dispersion force)
It is also sometimes used loosely as a synonym for the totality of intermolecular forces. Van der Waals forces are relatively weak compared to normal chemical bonds, but play a fundamental role in fields as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, structural biology, polymer science, nanotechnology, surface science, and condensed matter physics. Van der Waals forces define the chemical character of many organic compounds. They also define the solubility of organic substances in polar and non-polar media. In low molecular weight alcohols, the properties of the polar hydroxyl group dominate the weak intermolecular forces of van der Waals. In higher molecular weight alcohols, the properties of the nonpolar hydrocarbon chain(s) dominate and define the solubility. Van der Waals-London forces grow with the length of the nonpolar part of the substance.
NOTE: The science of molecules is called molecular chemistry or molecular physics, depending on the focus. Molecular chemistry deals with the laws governing the interaction between molecules that results in the formation and breakage of chemical bonds, while molecular physics deals with the laws governing their structure and properties. In practice, however, this distinction is vague. In molecular sciences, a molecule consists of a stable system (bound state) comprising two or more atoms. Polyatomic ions may sometimes be usefully thought of as electrically charged molecules. The term unstable molecule is used for very reactive species, i.e., short-lived assemblies (resonances) of electrons and nuclei, such as radicals, molecular ions, Rydberg molecules, transition states, van der Waals complexes, or systems of colliding atoms as in Bose-Einstein condensate.
Most molecules are far too small to be seen with the naked eye, but there are exceptions. DNA, a macromolecule, can reach macroscopic sizes, as can molecules of many polymers. The smallest molecule is the diatomic hydrogen (H2), with a length of 0.74 Å.[10] Molecules commonly used as building blocks for organic synthesis have a dimension of a few Å to several dozen Å. Single molecules cannot usually be observed by light (as noted above), but small molecules and even the outlines of individual atoms may be traced in some circumstances by use of an atomic force microscope. Some of the largest molecules are macromolecules or supermolecules.
In Short Van de Waals does nothing to prove that monatomic particles do not exist, if that were the only guideline to go buy, then nothing would exist and be a “Myth”, it is too short sighted. Because true scientists know that there are different types of mathematical formulas to determine different effects of particles and hidden particles which is why the Hadron Collider was built.
Zeta potential
From Wikipedia
Zeta potential is a scientific term for electrokinetic potential in colloidal systems. In the colloidal chemistry literature, it is usually denoted using the Greek letter zeta, hence ζ-potential. From a theoretical viewpoint, zeta potential is electric potential in the interfacial double layer (DL) at the location of the slipping plane versus a point in the bulk fluid away from the interface. In other words, zeta potential is the potential difference between the dispersion medium and the stationary layer of fluid attached to the dispersed particle.
A value of 25 mV (positive or negative) can be taken as the arbitrary value that separates low-charged surfaces from highly-charged surfaces.
The significance of zeta potential is that its value can be related to the stability of colloidal dispersions (e.g., a multivitamin syrup). The zeta potential indicates the degree of repulsion between adjacent, similarly charged particles (the vitamins) in a dispersion. For molecules and particles that are small enough, a high zeta potential will confer stability, i.e., the solution or dispersion will resist aggregation. When the potential is low, attraction exceeds repulsion and the dispersion will break and flocculate. So, colloids with high zeta potential (negative or positive) are electrically stabilized while colloids with low zeta potentials tend to coagulate or flocculate as outlined in the table.[1]
Zeta potential [mV] Stability behavior of the colloid
• from 0 to ±5, Rapid coagulation or flocculation
• from ±10 to ±30 Incipient instability
• from ±30 to ±40 Moderate stability
• from ±40 to ±60 Good stability
• more than ±61 Excellent stability
Zeta potential is widely used for quantification of the magnitude of the electrical charge at the double layer. However, zeta potential is not equal to the Stern potential or electric surface potential in the double layer.[2] Such assumptions of equality should be applied with caution. Nevertheless, zeta potential is often the only available path for characterization of double-layer properties. Zeta potential should not be confused with electrode potential or electrochemical potential (because electrochemical reactions are generally not involved in the development of zeta potential).
Zeta potential is not measurable directly but it can be calculated using theoretical models and an experimentally-determined electrophoretic mobility or dynamic electrophoretic mobility. Electrokinetic phenomena and electroacoustic phenomena are the usual sources of data for calculation of zeta potential.
Chemical Free Colloidal Silver and Gold Products:
Colloidal Silver Atoms 3000 PPM to 15000 PPM, aka Monatomic Silver is Natures answer they are Immune System Trace Mineral Supplements made with No Chemicals and have the Highest PPM value in the market.
Trace Mineral Monatomic Particle atoms, do not drop under extreme cold, or heat, you can freeze it and heat it but it will not drop to the bottom, because the atoms are attached to the water molecule there is no need for the use of chemicals.
There are chemical tests in which Salt can be added to the non chemical colloidal silver solution such as this one:
1) Take 500 ml of GoldenGevity http://www.gold2live.com/Colloidal-Silver-Atoms.html (Trace Gold 9,999 PPM in Distilled water)
2) Add 1 tablespoon of PURE Salt.
3) Boil down to about 20 ml, until is moist salt, do not over heat.
4) Add 500 ml Water and repeat step 3 This time boil down to about 200 ml
5) Add 500 ml of HCL and boil down to moist salt
6) Add 500 ml of pure distilled water and boil down to moist salt
7) Repeat 4 times until there is no HCL smell and no gold chloride color.
8) Upon the last boil down, there will be found pink or reddish precipitate mixed in with the salt which when fired in extreme heat produced gold beads which can then be sent to be tested for gold, or silver or any other specific noble metal.
Conclusion:
The atom sized silver particle can be considered to be more efficient, more potent, and most lethal to unwanted viruses and bacteria that try to invade the body from the inside out!
While other noble metals also excellent health attributes in their own right and should also be considered, it is the atomic size particles that will be best absorbed as a trace mineral which explains why they may be the most effective.
The iridium, rhodium and ruthenium atom sized particles, are extremely effective in dealing with free radicals that cause aging and may be the answer to a healthy and youthful appearance.
The next question is then how do we know that we have monatomic particles?